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1.
Nutr. hosp ; 25(1): 39-48, ene.-feb. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-80804

RESUMO

Etoricoxib, a second generation selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor had been studied for the chemopreventive response at its therapeutic anti-inflammatory dose in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced colon carcinogenesis in rat model. Eight to ten weeks old male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into four groups. While group 1 served as control and received the vehicle of the drugs, group 2 and 3 were administered freshly prepared DMH in 1mM EDTA-saline (pH 7.0) (30 mg/kg body wt/week, subcutaneously). Group 3 was also given a daily treatment of etoricoxib (0.6 mg/kg body wt orally) while the group 4 received the same amount of etoricoxib only, prepared in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose. Animals were sacrificed at the end of 6 weeks, body weight recorded and the colons were subjected to macroscopic and histopathological studies. The maximum number of raised mucosal lesions called the multiple plaque lesions (MPL) were found in the DMH group which significantly reverted back in the DMH + etoricoxib group, while very few MPLs were recorded in the control and etoricoxib only group. Similarly, the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), the point of future carcinogenic growth, was recorded more in the DMH group and significantly less in the DMH + etoricoxib group. The histopathological analysis showed the presence of severe hyperplasia, occasional dysplasia and aggregates of lymphoid cells in the localized regions. Etoricoxib group showed near normal histological features with the crypt architecture and the surrounding stromal tissue remaining intact. To ascertain the molecular mechanism of such anti-carcinogenic features the colonocytes were isolated and studied in primary culture for the evidence of apoptosis by fluorescent staining and genotoxic changes by single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) which shows that the DMH treated animals produced much less apoptotic nuclei but more comet producing cell, while these features were reverted back with the etoricoxib treatment. The cytoplasmic expression of COX-2 protein was studied in paraffin sections of the colon by immunohistochemistry with COX-2 specific antibody which showed a very high presence of this inducible enzyme with the DMH group while in all other groups of animals it was not visible or weekly expressed. The anti-inflammatory effect of the drug, etoricoxib was also validated by a carrageenan-induced inflammation in rat model which showed an extremely high anti-inflammatory response within the dose range used in the present study. Also the growth profile of all the animals remained the same throughout the six week period of the investigation as there was no change in the body weight. It appears that apoptosis remains the dominant anti-proliferative end effect of this drug, mediated by an inhibition of the proinflammatory COX-2 isoform although further molecular probings are needed to arrive at a conclusive agreement in favor of the chemoprotective use of such drugs in colon cancers (AU)


El Etoricoxib, un inhibidor selectivo de la ciclooxigenasa-2 (COX-2) de segunda generación, se ha estudiado por la respuesta quimiopreventiva a su dosis terapéutica antiinflamatoria en un modelo murino de carcinogénesis colónica inducida por 1,2-dimetilhidracina (DMH). Se dividió en cuatro grupos a ratas de la cepa Sprague-Dawley de ocho a diez semanas de vida. El grupo 1 sirvió de control y recibió el vehículo de los fármacos, y a los grupos 2 y 3 se les administró DMH recién preparada en EDTA-salino al 1 mM (pH 7,0) (30 mg/kg peso corporal/semana, subcutáneamente). El grupo 3 también recibió a diario tratamiento con etoricoxib (0,6 mg/kg peso corporal, por vía oral), mientras que el grupo 4 solamente recibió la misma cantidad de etoricoxib, preparado en 0,5% carboximetil celulosa. Se sacrificó a los animales al final de la sexta semana, se registró el peso corporal y se realizaron estudios macroscópicos e histopatológicos del colon. El número máximo de lesiones mucosas elevadas, denominadas lesiones en placa múltiples (LPM) se halló en el grupo DMH, y estaba significativamente normalizado en el grupo de DMH + etoricoxib, mientras que se hallaron muy pocas lesiones LPM en los grupos control y con sólo etoricoxib. De forma similar, el número de focos de criptas aberrantes (FCA), el punto del futuro crecimiento carcinogénico, se registró más abundantemente en el grupo DMH y menos significativamente en el grupo DMH + etoricoxib. El análisis histopatológico mostró la presencia de una hiperplasia marcada, displasia ocasional y agregados de células linfoides en las regiones localizadas. El grupo de etoricoxib mostró unas características histológicas casi normales, permaneciendo la arquitectura de las criptas y el tejido estromal vecino intacto. Para determinar el mecanismo molecular de tales hallazgos anticarcinogénicos, se aislaron los colonocitos y se estudiaron en un cultivo primario para evidencia de apoptosis mediante tinción fluorescente y cambios genotóxicos en un ensayo de electroforesis en gel de una única célula (ensayo comet), que mostró que los animales tratados con DMH produjeron muchos menos núcleos apoptóticos pero un mayor número de células productoras de comet, mientras que estos cambios revirtieron con el tratamiento con etoricoxib. Se estudió la expresión citoplásmica de la proteína COX-2 en las secciones en parafina del colon mediante inmunohistoquímica con un anticuerpo específico anti-COX-2 que mostró una presencia muy alta de esta enzima inducible en el grupo DMH mientras que en el resto de los grupos de animales apenas se expresó o no se visualizó. Efecto antiinflamatorio del fármaco: el etoricoxib también se validó en modelo murino de inflamación inducida por carragenina que mostró una respuesta antiinflamatoria extremadamente alta dentro del rango de dosis empleado en este estudio. El perfil de crecimiento de los animales permaneció inalterado durante las seis semanas que duró la investigación y no hubo cambios en el peso corporal. Parece que la apoptosis sigue siendo el efecto antiproliferativo final dominante de este fármaco mediado por la inhibición de la isoforma proinflamatoria de la COX-2, si bien se necesitan probandos moleculares adicionales para llegar a un acuerdo concluyente a favor del uso quimiopreventivo de tales fármacos en los cánceres de colon (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , 1,2-Dimetilidrazina , Carcinógenos , Apoptose , Colo/patologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/uso terapêutico , Carragenina , Proliferação de Células , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias do Colo/induzido quimicamente , Ensaio Cometa , Imuno-Histoquímica
2.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev ; 11(5): 1329-33, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21198287

RESUMO

In the present study, we assessed effects of etoricoxib, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on proliferation and apoptosis in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH) induced colon lesion development. Male SD rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 controls receiving the vehicle treatment; Group 2 administered DMH weekly (30 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneously) alone; Group 3, DMH weekly plus etoricoxib (0.64 mg/kg body weight, orally) daily; and Group 4, etoricoxib alone. After six weeks of treatment, animals were sacrificed and colons were analysed for morphological and histopathological features. Well characterized pre-neoplastic aberrations such as multiple plaque lesions, hyperplasia and dysplasia were found in the DMH treated group whereas these features were reduced with co-administration of etoricoxib. To study apoptosis, colonocytes were isolated by metal chelation from colonic sacs and studied by fluorescent staining and further confirmed by DNA fragmentation. The DMH treated animals had fewer apoptotic nuclei as compared to the controls, but numbers were higher with DMH+etoricoxib as well as etoricoxib alone. Expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), assessed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, was found to be elevated by DMH treatment group and again reduced by etoricoxib. Results for bromodeoxyuridine incorporation (BrdU) were in agreement. It may be concluded that the drug, etoricoxib, has the potential to act as an anti-apoptotic and anti- proliferative agent in the colon.


Assuntos
1,2-Dimetilidrazina/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo/induzido quimicamente , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , Sulfonas/farmacologia , Animais , Western Blotting , Bromodesoxiuridina/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Colo/metabolismo , Colo/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/uso terapêutico , Fragmentação do DNA , Etoricoxib , Masculino , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/análise , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/genética , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
3.
Nutr. hosp ; 24(3): 326-322, mayo-jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-134940

RESUMO

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of a selective COX-2 inhibitor, etoricoxib in rats on the hematological and toxicity parameters in colon and kidney at two different doses of the drug, one within the therapeutic anti-inflammatory range as based on the reported ED50 value (Eto-1) while the other at ten times higher (Eto-2), relative to the toxicity studies which have not been reported so far. The results showed that the control and the drug treated animals achieved similar linear growth rate and also showed no major alterations in the histological parameters in the liver and kidney tissue. The animals treated with lower dose of etoricoxib showed an overall decrease in total leukocytes counts as well as in the number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophills while the higher dose of the drug produced a highly significant increase in all the cell counts. However, the drug treatment at both the dose level produced significant fall in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, lactase and maltase in the kidney but increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase in colon. The treatment of etoricoxib did not produce any change in the nitric oxide and citrulline levels in kidney while an increase was noted in the colonic tissue. It was concluded that etoricoxib is a relatively safe drug at its anti-inflammatory ED50 dose in rats when the hematological parameters and the structural and functional characteristics of kidney and colonic tissues were studied (AU)


El presente estudio se diseñó para investigar los efectos de un inhibidor selectivo de la COX-2, etoricoxib, sobre los parámetros hematológicos y de toxicidad en colon y riñón de rata, con dos dosis distintas del fármaco, una dentro del rango terapéutico sobre la base del valor ED50 notificado (Eto-1) mientras que la otra fue diez veces superior (Eto-2), relativa a los estudios de toxicidad que aún no han sido publicados. Los resultados mostraron que los animales control y los tratados consiguieron tasas de crecimiento linear similares y no mostraron alteraciones importantes en los parámetros histológicos del hígado o riñón. Los animales tratados con la dosis inferior de etoricoxib mostraron una disminución global del recuento de neutrófilos, linfocitos, monocitos y eosinófilos, mientras que la dosis superior del fármaco produjo un aumento significativo de todos los recuentos celulares. Sin embargo, el tratamiento con el fármaco a ambas dosis produjo una caída significativa de las actividades de la fosfatasa alcalina, sucrasa, lactasa y maltasa del riñón y una actividad aumentada de la fosfatasa alcalina del colon. El tratamiento con etoricoxib no produjo ningún cambio en las concentraciones de óxido nítrico ni de citrulina en el riñón pero sí se observó un aumento en el tejido colónico. Se concluyó que el etoricoxib es un fármaco relativamente seguro a su dosis ED50 antiinflamatoria en ratas cuando se estudiaron los parámetros hematológicos y las características estructurales y funcionales de los tejidos renal y colónico (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacocinética , Rim , Colo , Enzimas , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacocinética , Modelos Animais , Contagem de Leucócitos , Fosfatase Alcalina , Sacarase , Células Sanguíneas , alfa-Glucosidases
4.
Nutr. hosp ; 23(4): 326-331, jul.-ago. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-68178

RESUMO

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to cause gastrointestinal damage. New anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed in an attempt to improve their gastrointestinal side effect profile which however failed to do so. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare the effect of three different NSAIDs, aspirin, nimesulide and celecoxib on the intestinal brush border membrane (BBM) marker enzymes and correlate these alterations to the histoarchtecture of the intestine using electron microscopic study. Female Wistar rats were divided into four different groups viz: Group I (Control), Group II (aspirin treated), Group III (nimesulide treated) and Group IV (celecoxib treated). The Group II, III and IV received the corresponding drugs dissolved in water orally at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight, while the control received the vehicle only. After 28 days, all the treatment groups demonstrated significant alterations in the activities of intestinal disaccharide hydrolases and alkaline phosphatase in both the crude homogenates and BBM preparations as well. The histopathological observations also showed considerable changes in the intestinal mucosa. It was suggested that NSAIDs like aspirin, nimesulide and celecoxib pose intestinal side effects due to initial changes in the enzymatic composition of the intestinal apical membranes. It was further concluded that newly discovered NSAIDs such as celecoxib has better safety profiles but studies are still required to comment decisively on the suitability of various NSAIDs depending upon their cyclooxygenase enzyme specificity


Es sabido que los fármacos anti-inflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) causan daño gastrointestinal. Los nuevos fármacos anti-inflamatorios se han desarrollado con la esperanza de mejorar su perfil de efectos adversos gastrointestinales, lo que sin embargo no se ha logrado. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el efecto de tres AINE distintos, aspirina, nimesulida y celecoxib, sobre las enzimas marcadoras de la membrana del borde en cepillo (MBC), y correlacionar estas alteraciones con la histo-arquitectura del intestino utilizando la microscopia electrónica. Se dividió a ratas hembra Wistar en cuatro grupos distintos: Grupo I (Control), Grupo II (tratado con aspirina), GrupoIII (tratado con nimesulida) y Grupo IV (tratado con celecoxib). Los grupos II, III y IV recibieron por vía oral el fármaco correspondiente disuelto en agua, a una dosis de 40 mg/kg de peso corporal, mientras que el grupo control sólo recibió el vehículo. Tras 28 días, todos los grupos de tratamiento mostraron alteraciones significativas en las actividades de las disacaridasas intestinales y la fosfatasa alcalina tanto en las preparaciones homogéneas crudas como en las preparaciones de MBC. Las observaciones histopatológicas también mostraron cambios considerables en la mucosa intestinal. Se sugería que los AINE como la aspirina, nimesulida y celecoxib acarrean efectos adversos debidos a cambios intestinales en la composición enzimática de las membranas intestinales apicales. Se concluye, además, que los nuevos AINE como el celecoxib poseen mejores perfiles de seguridad pero aún son necesarios estudios para poder opinar de forma decisiva sobre la idoneidad de los diversos AINE dependiendo de su especificidad por la enzima ciclooxigenasa


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacocinética , Gastroenteropatias/induzido quimicamente , Microvilosidades , Aspirina/farmacocinética , Mucosa Intestinal , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacocinética , Estudos de Casos e Controles
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